They are creations of easy credit, beneficiaries of central bank largesse. And now that the era of unconventional monetary policy is over, they're facing a challenge like never before.

They are America's corporate zombies, companies that aren't earning enough to cover their interest expenses, let alone turn a profit. From meme-stock favorite AMC Entertainment Holdings Inc. to household names such as American Airlines Group Inc. and Carnival Corp., their ranks have swelled in recent years, comprising roughly a fifth of the country's 3,000 largest publicly traded companies and accounting for about $900 billion of debt.

Now, some say, their time may be running short.

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